[haguruka.com] DE LA PROSPÉRITÉ À ‘SAOUDI’ À LA NOYADE AU ‘DARFOUR’1: L’HISTOIRE D’UN MARAIS AU RWANDA, pp. 375-396. Par An Ansoms et Jude Murison "In L’Afrique des Grands Lacs. ANNUAIRE 2011-2012 . University of Edinburgh

 

Cher Joseph, voici en dessous une reference scientifique (Edinburg research explorer) qui peut bien vous appuyer dans  votre "Ikiganiro sur economie chez les Banyarwanda ". Bulya Abawesternazi ni kabombo, balicecekera iyo babona itekinika (ikinyoma n'ubuhendanyi), aliko baba bazi ko ntacyo lizageraho, kuko bazi neza ibibera muli Federation de Russie kuva 150 ans:

"After the collapse of the Soviet Union, a large number of the collective farms (kolkhozes) and state farms (sovkhozes) were transformed into agricultural production co-operatives. Average size of the cooperatives is: 76 ha of agricultural land, 72 ha of arable land, 10 members, 19 cattle and 31pigs/cooperative (Table 3, page 8).

The production co-operatives in Russian agriculture must be considered to have relatively poor prospects. They are subject to structural obstacles, which means that it might be difficult for them to become efficient. The financial strength of existing co-operatives is low, so their investment ability is poor. The co-operatives are characterised by low efficiency and profitability. The members have limited financial resources. Hence, they (production cooperatives) can be no role model for other countries (p17).  https://emnet.univie.ac.at/uploads/media/Golovina_Nilsson_Wolz.pdf )"

Les page 393 et 394 dans Ansoms-Murison donnent le point contre quiconque daignerait vous reprocher a tort que les cooperatives sont un probleme pour les petits paysans pauvres.  

Download as Adobe PDF - Edinburgh Research Explorer

http://www.research.ed.ac.uk/portal/files/14134134/16_DE_LA_PROSP_RIT_SAOUDI_Ansoms_Murison.pdf

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